Lenses physics pdf file

For lab work, students often have to estimate a line of best fit for their data points manually. Each of a lens two faces is part of asphere and can be convex or concave if a lens is thicker at the center than theedges, it is a convex, or converging, lenssince parallel rays will be converged tomeet at the focus. Optimization free parameters lens curvature, width, position, type of glass some can be fixed, other vary with focal length, focus e. Study quantitative relationships and patterns between wavelength, frequency, speed, and amplitude. In this experiment, we have chosen two methods to find out the focal length of a spherical lens. This looks really intimidating but its actually not that bad. The devices that similarly refract radiation other than visible light are also called the lenses such as the microwave lenses. By taking readings of image and object distances for different positions, a graph can be drawn. And just like a wave on a string, the plane in which the string oscillates can have different orientations.

Kids learn about lenses and light in the science of physics including concave, convex, converging, diverging, focal point, meniscus, and plano lenses. All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found at physics. Lenses remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. Lenses lenses are made of transparentmaterials, like glass or plastic.

With this app, students can generate data points with varying types of scatter and predict their own bestfit line before comparing it with a computer generated one based on the least mean square method. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introductory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively. So lets see how it goes, suppose that ive got an object out here in air and then ive got a piece of glass thats curved outward like this in a convex way. Cognitive skills cs cs1 explain how the focal length of. The focal length, f, is the distance between f and the lens. The 64page optics workbook in pdf format and editable microsoft word format. Use the lensmakers equation to determine the focal length of a thin lens.

For example, the following information will put north koreas uranium enrichment program in a less threatening. Determine the length of the arrow using the pythagorean theorem. Therefore, if an object is placed at a distance s1 f from a positive lens of focal length f, we will find an image distance s2 according to this formula. Sep 24, 2015 the lenses are made from transparent materials such as the glass, the ground and polished to a desired shape,the lens can focus the light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts the light without focusing. Optical aberrations of lenses spherical aberrations are due to differences in focal length for light rays at the outer edges of the lens and hight rays at the center of the lens. For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the physics. Physics project reports, physics projects, physics new topics, physics projects download from physics project reports for 12th class. This means that they are actual rays, composed of photons originating at the source objects. You can find notes and exam questions for additional math, elementary math, physics, biology and chemistry. Complete, handwritten solutions as a pdf file 64 pages.

Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material that has an index of refraction higher than air. Again be sure to note the direction of the arrow when taking the sign for h. A general rule of thumb is that when the lens is thickest in the center, it is a converging. Types of lenses there are different ways to classify lenses. Its a classic example of a two lens system and overall, before we get lost in details here. Use drawing tools to draw a line along the long length of the arrow and record the x and ycomponent lengths hx and hy in pixel units. Lenses and mirrors focal length of a mirror, image formation by mirrors, thin lenses, image formation with lenses, pdf file. Unified physics optics electromechanical technology series.

Lecture 18 geometric optics ii thin lenses unm physics and. The focal length f of a lens can be found quite accurately by moving an illuminated object infront of a lens so that an image is cast on a screen. To measure and compare the focal lengths of some lenses using different methods, and to determine the magnification of a simple telescope. The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material. Two prisms can bend light toward the principal axis acting like a crude converging lens but. Kn3 apply the lens equations, in conjunction with ray diagrams and other methods, to solve related problems dealing with lenses. In this lab we will investigate spherical mirrors and lenses. Pdf on nov 25, 2014, deborah sand and others published lenses find, read and cite. For each object position, answer the following questions about the. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material while compound lenses consist of several simple lenses arranged along with a common axis. Cognitive skills cs cs1 explain how the focal length of various lenses can be determined. Lenses naturally occur in eyes and are a good example. That is why converging lenses and concave mirrors can start fires when sunlight is pointed to focus on a combustible object.

Gce study buddy the best o level revision resource. Fredos full aperture, 5mm why are lenses so complex. Cs2 explain with diagrams the various properties of the types of lenses. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. A 9page pdf file of posters to accompany the types of luminescence lesson. This online, fully editable and customizable title includes learning objectives, concept questions, links to labs and simulations, and ample practice opportunities to solve traditional physics. Physics 212 lab 12 u20 spherical mirrors and lenses introduction. Well get this party started in a bit, but first, you have some more to learn about refracted light. The overall idea of how were going to approach is this. This will be a good material for those who are preparing for olympiads and other competitive exams. So lets talk about lenses, a lens is a curved piece of glass or some other transparent material that were going to use to focus light and generate some images.

Lab 9 u20 spherical mirrors and lenses university of. It will give a virtual upright image if the object is within the focal length. Its not so easy to send light where it should go source. The term thin is, of course, qualitative, and just means in this sense that we can ignore the thickness of the lens when ray tracing. You can go here to learn more about the refraction of light. When light is incident on the lens at an angle, this will bend the light due to refraction. Real images, such as the one considered in the previous example, are formed by converging lenses whenever an object is farther from the lens than its focal length. The aim of this package is to provide a short self assessment programme for students. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. This manual, along with the others in the electromechanical technology series, is the result of six years of research and development by terc, a national nonprofit, public service corporation with headquarters in cambridge, massachusetts. The physics convex lenses are converging lenses, and concave lenses are diverging lenses. Understanding spherical mirrors free pdf file sharing. Lens aberrations fundamentals optical engineering prof.

I originally thought that digital camera lenses are the same shape as a magnifying glass but i saw that lenses like that are meant for our eye which has a curved detection surface and if a camera used. If you put a screen in the focal plane, light reflected from the object will converge on the screen. The application of the thin lens equation and the magni. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf document for private use. Convex lens concave mirror notice that the lines that converge to form the image point are all drawn solid. That is, light rays from one point on the object actually cross at the location of the image and can be projected onto a screen, a piece of film, or the retina of an eye, for example. Rays of light entering a converging lens parallel to its axis converge at its focal point f. The distance from the center of the lens to the focal point is the lenss focal length f.

If a screen is placed at a distance s2 on the opposite side of the lens, an image is formed on it. Image formation by mirrors and lenses physics courses. Physics lens physics education resources, simulations. If natural lenses deteriorate, extra lenses spectacles, contact lenses have to be added for obtaining a better vision. Instructors are permitted to make and distribute copies for their classes.

The physics of nuclear weapons while the technology behind nuclear weapons is of secondary importance to this seminar, some background is helpful when dealing with issues such as nuclear proliferation. Once you have the image in sharp focus, take measurements for the object distance, s, the image distance,s, and the height of the image, h. A lens is double sided, however, and the two sides may or may not have the same curvature. A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic designed to refract light in a specific. This introductory, algebrabased, twosemester college physics book is grounded with realworld examples, illustrations, and explanations to help students grasp key, fundamental physics concepts. The types and uses of lenses in our life science online. Microscope anatomy the microscope is an instrument designed to make fine. Optics workbook notes on light, reflection, refraction.

By using refraction, lenses can bend multiple light rays. Slides 610 summarize the rules and cover scientific notation handout on significant figures from stephen sekula at daniel hand high school in. The lenses are used in many things, they are used in the medical eye glasses either for reading or walking, they are used in the wars, the leaders use the binoculars to follow the battles the person who fixes the watches use a magnifier lens to see the minute parts of the watches, the lenses are used in the manufacture of many things as the projector, the cameras and the magnifying. The image formed in figure 7 is a real image, meaning that it can be projected. Most of the lenses we use in everyday life are designed to bend light rays to a specific focal point where items will be in focus clear. Additional resources for electron beams, lenses, and optics. Convex lenses, geometrical optics alevel physics tutor. Providing study notes, tips, and practice questions for students preparing for their o level or upper secondary examinations. Part of the physics of technology program, a 27module introduction to physics at a precalculus level. An expanded view of the path taken by ray 1 shows the perpendiculars and the angles of incidence and refraction at both surfaces. We now come to the much anticipated problem books series and start with problems in physics by v.

Lesson 1 refraction and lenses the physics classroom. Voiceover if i had been handed this problem on a physics test i probably would have freaked out. Lenses are used in cameras, microscopes, binoculars and other optical equipment. Refractionrefraction is based on the idea that light is passing through one medium into another it will bend towards or away the normal and this phenomenon is. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses light beams by means of refraction. What does this tell you about the relationship between the focal lengths of these two lenses. Lenses all of us at some time or the other have seen or used lenses. An optical system mirrors or lenses can produce an image of the object by redirecting the light. A camera lens forms a real image of a distant object. Lecture notes optics pdf 57p this note covers the following topics. To see how polarized sunglasses work, it is convenient to think of light as a wave moving along a string. For the most part, this is a collection of modified problems. Do this for both the magnified and unmagnified images.

This is true for movie projectors, cameras, and the eye. This is because the refractive index of glass is larger than the. Just like a wave on a string, a light wave wiggles transversally to its direction of motion. A case 1 image is formed when do f and f is positive, as in figure 10a. The pdf file below accompanies the refraction interactive. To determine the focal length of a spherical convex lens by lens formula method by lens replacement method. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without. A beam of light parallel to the principal axis of a convex mirror appears to diverge from a virtual focus. A brief history of contact lenses article pdf available in human and veterinary medicine 31. The course requires that students be comfortable describing and solving realworld problems using math concepts from algebra 1, algebra 2 and geometry. The surfaces of lenses, like spherical mirrors, can be treated as pieces cut from spheres. Using a ruler or other straight edge and the ray tracing methods described in this section, locate and draw the image of the pencil. Lenses and depth of field university of california, irvine.

In human eye this effect is corrected by small pupil size which cuts out light from the outer edges of the corneas. Slide the convex and concave lenses apart to observe the effect of a combination of two lenses. Figure 8 shows how such an image would be projected onto film by a camera lens. Place the convex and concave lenses together and place them in the path of the parallel rays. Focal length of convex lensb11 lab report objectives of the experiment. Finding the focal length of a lens using the ray box. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. Ppt on refraction and lenses by pg linkedin slideshare. Physics 1403 lenses instructor its party time, boys and girls, because today we wrap up our study of physics. A convex lens gives a real, inverted image if the object is outside the focal length of the lens. Spherical lenses problems the physics hypertextbook. Investigate the relationship between power and focal length. In this experiment, we have chosen two methods to find out the focal length of a. Optical bench, light box, lenses, lens holders, illu minated target object, white screen with scale, mirror.